Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva

Vishnu Sahasranamam
1000 Names — Meaning, Benefits & Recitation

ॐ विश्वं विष्णुर्वषट्कारो भूतभव्यभवत्प्रभुः

Om Vishwam Vishnur-vashatkaaro Bhoota-bhavya-bhavat-prabhuh

"The universe is Vishnu — he is the lord of past, present, and future." — Names 1–2

1000

Names

108

Key names

13

Phala-shruti benefits

Bhishma

Speaker

Bhishma-Yudhishthira Dialogue — Origin

After the Kurukshetra war, the great Bhishma Pitamaha lies on a bed of arrows, waiting for the auspicious Uttarayana to depart. Yudhishthira approaches him with a question: 'What single name satisfies all gods simultaneously?' Bhishma answers that there is only one such name — Narayana — and then proceeds to recite the 1000 names of Vishnu. This dialogue is preserved in the Anushasana Parva (Chapter 149) of the Mahabharata, transmitted by Vyasa.

Source

Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva (Ch. 149)

Speaker

Bhishma Pitamaha (on the arrow-bed)

Listener

Yudhishthira (King)

Total names

1000 (+8 opening slokas)

1000 Names — Three Thematic Groups

Creation · Sustenance · Dissolution — mirroring the Triguna

Creational Names (1–100)

The first hundred names establish Vishnu as the supreme creator — Vishwam (the universe itself), Vishnu (all-pervading), the lord of past-present-future (Bhoota-bhavya-bhavat-prabhu). These names ground the text in the cosmological supremacy of Vishnu.

VishwamVishnuVashatkaaraBhoota-bhavya-bhavat-prabhuBhoota-kritBhoota-bhritBhaavaBhootaatmaaBhoota-bhaavana...

Sustaining Names (101–600)

The largest section — names that speak to Vishnu's sustaining, pervading, and governing role. Ananta (infinite, the cosmic serpent Shesha), Hrishikesha (lord of the senses), Padmanabha (lotus-naveled, from whose navel Brahma emerged to create the world). These are the names most commonly used in daily worship.

AnantaHrishikeshaPadmanabhaAmara-prabhuVishwa-karmaManuTvashthaSthaviraSthavishtha...

Dissolution Names (601–1000)

The concluding third deals with Vishnu as the force of dissolution, time, and cosmic cycles. Sahasraamshu (one with a thousand rays — the sun as Vishnu), Maheshvaasa (the great bowman — Vishnu as Rama with his bow), and names that assert Vishnu's identity with all divine beings.

MaheshvaasaAmitaashanaSahasraamshuVidhaatrMitraVarunaAmaraVarunaalayaVaruna...

4 Root Names — Detailed Meaning

Sanskrit etymology and philosophical significance

Vishnu

vis — to pervade

The very first name and the name of the entire scripture: Vishnu means 'the all-pervading one.' He is present in every atom, every thought, every breath. Not just a deity in a temple — but the substratum of all existence.

Hrishikesha

hrishika + isha — lord of senses

Hrishikesha is the name of Vishnu/Krishna used when Arjuna requests the Bhagavad Gita on the battlefield. It means 'lord of the senses' — he who controls both the physical senses and the cosmic forces that the senses represent. The name captures Vishnu's role as the inner guide and controller of all perception.

Padmanabha

padma + nabha — lotus + navel

From Vishnu's navel, while he rests on Shesha Naga in the cosmic ocean (Yoga-nidra), a lotus emerges from which Brahma is born. This image — Ananta Shayana (eternal recliner) — is the most iconic depiction of Vishnu and is the icon of Padmanabhaswamy Temple (Trivandrum). Padmanabha is Vishnu as the originator of creation itself.

Narayana

nara + ayana — goal/abode of souls

Narayana — the abode of all souls (nara = soul, ayana = refuge/abode). All living beings ultimately return to Narayana. This is also interpreted as 'one who moves on the waters' (nara = water, ayana = moving) — Vishnu as Ananta Shayana on the cosmic ocean. One of the most potent names, synonymous with Vishnu himself.

13 Phala-Shruti — Benefits of Recitation

As described by Bhishma in the Anushasana Parva — 13 blessings

1

Liberation from fear

2

Protection from enemies

3

Fulfillment of desires

4

Long life

5

Good progeny

6

Wealth and prosperity

7

Success in endeavors

8

Freedom from illness

9

Attainment of dharma, artha, kama, moksha

10

Victory in litigation

11

End of sorrows and difficulties

12

Safe childbirth and protection of children

13

Liberation (moksha) at death

🕉️ How to Recite

Best day

Thursday (Guruvaar)

Time

Dawn or dusk preferred

Repetitions

1 full reading or 108x any one name

Special occasions

Ekadashi, Janmashtami, Vishnu vrat days

Mahabharata, Lalitha Sahasranamam, and Srimad Bhagavatam — explore more

Srimad Bhagavatam →Lalitha Sahasranamam →Mahabharata Summary →

Vishnu Sahasranama — Les 1000 Noms du Seigneur Vishnu

Vishnu Sahasranama — The Thousand Names of Vishnu

Le Vishnu Sahasranama figure dans l'Anushasana Parva du Mahabharata et contient les enseignements transmis par le guerrier-patriarche Bhishma au roi Yudhishthira alors qu'il reposait sur un lit de flèches. Les 1 000 noms décrivent les vertus infinies du Seigneur Vishnu — protecteur de l'univers, présent dans tous les cœurs, époux bien-aimé de Lakshmi. La récitation quotidienne est réputée procurer santé, prospérité et la libération ultime (Moksha).

Śāntākāraṁ bhujaga-śayanaṁ padma-nābhaṁ sureśam, Viśvādhāraṁ gagana-sadṛśaṁ megha-varṇaṁ śubhāṅgam | Lakṣmī-kāntaṁ kamala-nayanaṁ yogibhir dhyāna-gamyam, Vande Viṣṇuṁ bhava-bhaya-haraṁ sarva-lokaika-nātham ||

Je m'incline devant le Seigneur Vishnu — paisible dans sa forme, allongé sur le serpent cosmique, dont le nombril porte un lotus, Seigneur de tous les dieux, soutien de l'univers, vaste comme le ciel, sombre comme un nuage de pluie, tout-auspicieux. Bien-aimé de Lakshmi, aux yeux de lotus, accessible aux yogis par la méditation — Il dissipe la peur de l'existence mondaine et est l'unique Seigneur de tous les mondes.

EN: I bow to Lord Vishnu — peaceful in form, reclining on the cosmic serpent, lotus-naveled, Lord of all gods, supporter of the universe, vast as the sky, dark as a rain-cloud, all-auspicious. Beloved of Lakshmi, lotus-eyed, attainable by yogis through meditation — He removes the fear of worldly existence and is the one Lord of all worlds.

Viśvaṁ Viṣṇur Vaṣaṭkāro Bhūta-bhavya-bhavat-prabhuḥ, Bhūta-kṛd Bhūta-bhṛd Bhāvo Bhūtātmā Bhūta-bhāvanaḥ ||

Il est Vishvam (l'univers lui-même), Vishnu (l'omniprésent), Vashatkara (invoqué par la parole sacrée), Seigneur du passé, du futur et du présent, Créateur des êtres, Soutien des êtres, Pure Existence, Âme de tous les êtres, Nourricier de tous les êtres.

EN: He is Vishvam (the universe itself), Vishnu (the all-pervading), Vashatkara (invoked by sacred utterance), Lord of past/future/present, Creator of beings, Sustainer of beings, Pure Existence, Soul of all beings, Nourisher of all beings.

Yo māṁ nāma-sahasreṇa stotum-icchati pāṇḍava, So'ham-ekena ślokena stuta eva na saṁśayaḥ ||

Le Seigneur Krishna déclare : « Ô Pandava (Yudhishthira), celui qui souhaite Me louer par les mille noms — Je suis loué même par un seul verset de cet hymne. Cela ne fait aucun doute. » (Cela révèle la puissance suprême du Sahasranama.)

EN: Lord Krishna says: 'O Pandava (Yudhishthira), one who wishes to praise Me with the thousand names — I am praised with even a single verse from this hymn. There is no doubt in this.' (This shows the supreme power of the Sahasranama.)

L'enseignement ultime de Bhishma

Bhishma's Final Teaching

Après la guerre de Kurukshetra, Bhishma reposait sur son lit de flèches et transmit au roi Yudhishthira l'enseignement le plus élevé de sa vie : les 1 000 noms du Seigneur Vishnu. Le Seigneur Krishna lui-même fut présent pour témoigner et confirmer chaque nom sacré.

Préservateur et Soutien de l'Univers

Preserver of the Universe

Dans la Trimurti hindoue, le Seigneur Vishnu est le préservateur du cosmos. Incarné comme Rama et Krishna, il restaura le dharma aux moments de crise cosmique. Son épouse, Lakshmi, est la déesse de la prospérité et de la fortune.

Bienfaits de la Récitation Quotidienne

Benefits of Daily Recitation

Selon la tradition védique, réciter le Sahasranama chaque jour confère santé, paix intérieure, prospérité et, ultimement, le Moksha (libération). Cela est particulièrement auspicieux durant Ekadashi (le onzième jour lunaire) et lors des fêtes vishnouites.

Comment réciter pour les dévots francophones

How Devotees Can Recite

Si la prononciation sanskrite paraît difficile au début, on peut commencer par mémoriser les 108 premiers noms ou méditer en accompagnant la traduction française. La tradition recommande de s'asseoir face à l'est, après le bain matinal, pour entamer la récitation avec une dévotion pleine.

Voir le résumé des 18 chapitres de la Bhagavad GitaGuide du jeûne d'Ekadashi

Source : Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva (Livre XIII), chapitre 149

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Which primary Purana is exclusively dedicated to the mythology and worship of Lord Ganesha along with the Mudgala Purana?

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